---
title: mental models
created: 2024-11-18T09:18:12
modified: 2025-12-14T08:54:56
---

> _“Being aware of your mental models is key to being objective.” — Elizabeth Thornton_

> _“Eloquence is a painting of the thoughts.” — Blaise Pascal_

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= 思維模型

A bunch of different mental habits can come together/team up to strongly steer your mind towards a particular course of action and create a big impact ([The Lollapalooza Effect](The%20Lollapalooza%20Effect.md))

HCs = Habits of Mind and Foundational Concepts in [Minerva University](https://www.minerva.edu)

三大推理模式

* Deduction (演繹)
* Induction (歸納)
* Abduction (溯因)

[Tools for better thinking | Untools](https://untools.co/)

# What Are Mental Models?

They are…

* to your brain as apps are to your smartphone
* thinking tools in our mental toolbox, guiding our thoughts and behaviors \& driving our responses to everything we experience
* shortcuts for reasoning
* frameworks that give people a mental representation (心智表徵) of how the world works

# Benefits

* helps us to see the underlying patterns (脈絡) in every area of life
* helps us to spot the signal in the noise
* helps us to identify the blind spots in our thinking and thus think better (critically \& creatively \& connectively)
* helps us to view the world from different lens/eyes/perspectives, to make sense of the world

# Examples

* [First-Principle Thinking](first-principle-thinking.md)
* [Second-Order Thinking](second-order-thinking.md)
* [Probabilistic Thinking](probabilistic-thinking.md)
* [Lateral Thinking](lateral-thinking.md)
* [Systems Thinking](systems-thinking.md)